NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme found in all living cells and is critical for numerous metabolic processes. As a cofactor in redox reactions, it is essential for ATP production in mitochondria and the maintenance of cellular energy homeostasis.

In scientific research, NAD+ has been extensively studied for its ability to activate sirtuins (a type of enzyme that regulates cellular senescence) and its involvement in DNA repair pathways. Researchers are exploring the potential benefits of NAD+ supplementation in research protocols for lifespan extension, improved cognitive function, enhanced metabolism, and cellular repair.